Sodium thiosulfate


Generic Medicine Info
Indications and Dosage
Intravenous
Cyanide poisoning
Adult: For sequential use with sodium nitrite: As 250 mg/mL solution: 12.5 g (50 mL) via slow IV inj over 10 minutes, administered immediately after sodium nitrite. If signs or symptoms of cyanide toxicity recur, treatment with sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate may be repeated at half the initial doses. Treatment recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to local or specific product guidelines).
Child: For sequential use with sodium nitrite: As 250 mg/mL solution: 250 mg/kg (1 mL/kg) via slow IV inj. Alternatively, 412.5 mg/kg (1.65 mL/kg) via slow IV inj. Doses are administered immediately after sodium nitrite. Max total dose: 12.5 g (50 mL). If signs or symptoms of cyanide toxicity recur, treatment with sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate may be repeated at half the initial doses. Dosage and treatment recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to local or specific product guidelines).

Intravenous
Risk reduction of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity
Child: ≥1 month As 125 mg/mL solution: In patients with localised, non-metastatic solid tumours who are receiving cisplatin infusions with ≤6 hours duration: Patients weighing <5 kg: 10 g/m2; 5-10 kg: 15 g/m2; >10 kg: 20 g/m2. All doses are given via IV infusion over 15 minutes beginning 6 hours after completion of cisplatin infusion. If cisplatin is a multiday regimen, give sodium thiosulfate 6 hours after completion of each cisplatin infusion and at least 10 hours before the next cisplatin dose; do not administer sodium thiosulfate if the next cisplatin dose is due in <10 hours. Administer antiemetics before each sodium thiosulfate dose. Dosage recommendations may vary among countries; dosing interruption or discontinuation may be required according to the severity of adverse reactions (refer to detailed product guidelines).
Incompatibility
Incompatible with hydroxocobalamin; do not administer simultaneously using the same IV line.
Special Precautions
Patient with hypertension or oedematous sodium-retaining condition (e.g. liver cirrhosis, CHF, toxaemia of pregnancy). Available preparations may vary with their indications, concentrations, and dosing which are not interchangeable; refer to specific product guidelines for detailed information. Renal impairment. Children and elderly. Pregnancy and lactation.
Adverse Reactions
Significant: Hypersensitivity reactions, hypernatraemia, hypokalaemia, increased incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting (when used for risk reduction of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity).
Gastrointestinal disorders: Salty taste in mouth.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Warm sensation over the body, pyrexia.
Investigations: Prolonged bleeding time, decreased Hb.
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Hypophosphataemia, hypermagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia, metabolic acidosis.
Nervous system disorders: Headache, disorientation.
Vascular disorders: Hypotension, hypertension.
Monitoring Parameters
For treatment of cyanide poisoning: Monitor blood pressure and heart rate (during and after infusion); Hb/haematocrit (during treatment initiation if possible). Monitor patient for at least 24-48 hours following administration for adequacy of perfusion and oxygenation and recurrent signs and symptoms of cyanide toxicity. For risk reduction of ototoxicity: Observe serum sodium and potassium at baseline and as clinically indicated; monitor for signs and symptoms of hypernatraemia, hypokalaemia, and hypersensitivity reactions.
Action
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Sodium thiosulfate is used as an antidote in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. It acts as a sulfur donor for the enzyme rhodanese that catalyses the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate, which is relatively non-toxic, thus accelerating the endogenous detoxification of cyanide. For cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, sodium thiosulfate neutralises cisplatin to make an inactive platinum complex. It can also enter cells via sodium sulfate cotransporter 2 and cause intracellular effects (e.g. increase in antioxidant glutathione levels and inhibition of intracellular oxidative stress).
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Bioavailability: 100%.
Distribution: Rapidly distributed throughout the extracellular fluid. Volume of distribution: 0.15 L/kg.
Excretion: Via urine (approx 20-50% as unchanged drug). Elimination half-life: Approx 20 minutes to 3 hours.
Chemical Structure

Chemical Structure Image
Sodium thiosulfate

Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24477, Sodium Thiosulfate. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-Thiosulfate. Accessed Nov. 23, 2023.

Storage
Store between 20-25°C. Protect from light.
MIMS Class
Antidotes & Detoxifying Agents
ATC Classification
V03AB06 - thiosulfate ; Belongs to the class of antidotes. Used in the management of cyanide poisoning.
References
Anon. Sodium Thiosulfate (Antidote). AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 07/11/2023.

Anon. Sodium Thiosulfate (Protective Agent). AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 07/11/2023.

Anon. Sodium Thiosulfate. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 06/11/2023.

Buckingham R (ed). Sodium Thiosulfate. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 02/05/2023.

Joint Formulary Committee. Sodium Thiosulfate. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 02/05/2023.

Pedmark Injection, Solution (Fennec Pharmaceuticals Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed. Accessed 02/05/2023.

Pedmarqsi 80 mg/mL Solution for Infusion (Fennec Pharmaceuticals [EU] Limited). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 06/11/2023.

Pfizer New Zealand Limited. DBL Sodium Thiosulfate Injection 25% w/v Solution for Injection data sheet 18 June 2021. Medsafe. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz. Accessed 02/05/2023.

Sodium Thiosulfate 250 mg/mL Solution for Injection (Hope Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 02/05/2023.

Sodium Thiosulfate Injection, Solution (Hope Pharmaceuticals). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed. Accessed 06/11/2023.

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